Satyam Vada, Dharmam Chara". 'Speak the truth, Lead a righteous life'.
"Maatru Devo Bhava, Pitru Devo Bhava, Acharya Devo Bhava, Atithi Devo Bhava" ...
...
सत्ये सर्वं प्रतिष्ठितम् / satye sarvaM pratiShThitam (Everything is established in truth)
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śraddhāvān labhate jñānam / श्रद्धावान् लभते ज्ञानम् / shraddhAvAn labhate GYaanam
(Reverent attains wisdom, Rigveda)
...
tejasvi nāvadhītamastu / तेजस्वि नावधीतमस्तु / tejasvi naavadhiitamastu (May our knowledge become brilliant)
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vidyayā amṛtaṃ aśnute / विद्ययाऽमृतमश्नुते / vidyayA amRRitaM ashnute (eat nectar through knowledge, i.e. be immortal through knowledge)
...
uttiṣṭha jāgrata prāpya varānnibodhata / उत्तिष्ठ जाग्रत प्राप्य वरान्निबोधत / uttiShTha jAgrata prApya varAnnibodhata (arise, awake, obtaining worthy (teachers), know (the truth))
....
jñānaṃ paramaṃ balam / ज्ञानं परमं बलम् / GYaanaM paramaM balam (knowledge is the supreme power)
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jñānaṃ paramaṃ dhyeyam / ज्ञानं परमं ध्येयम् / GYaanaM paramaM dhyeyam (knowledge is the supreme goal)
...
śramam vinā na kimapi sādhyam / श्रमम् विना न किमपि साध्यम् / shramam vinA na kimapi sAdhyam (without effort nothing is possible)
...
vidyā viniyogāt vikāsaḥ / विद्या विनियोगात् विकासः / vidyA viniyogAt vikAsaH (progress comes from proper application of knowledge)
....
yogaḥ karmasu kauśalam / योगः कर्मसु कौशलम् / yogaH karmasu kaushalam (excellence in action is yoga)
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viśvajīvanāmṛtam jñānam / विश्वजीवनामृतम् ज्ञानम् / vishvajeevanAmRRitam GYaanam (Knowledge is the nectar of Life)
...
bhinneṣvaikyasya darśanam / भिन्नेष्वैक्यस्य दर्शनम् / bhinneShvaikyasya darshanam (see one in many) (even in differences, see the unity. "bhinneShu eva ekyasya darshanam")
...
tattvaṃ pūṣanapāvṛṇu / तत्त्वं पूषनपावृणु / tattvaM pUShanapAvRRiNu ((Lord) Remove Thou the Covering (that the Seeker may see the Truth))
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yogastha kuru karmāṇi / योगस्थ कुरु कर्माणि / yogastha kuru karmANi (do while steadfast in yoga)
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satyaṃ śivaṃ sundaram / सत्यं शिवं सुन्दरम् / satyaM shivaM sundaram (truth, auspiciousness, beauty)
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siddhirbhavati karmajā / सिद्धिर्भवति कर्मजा / siddhirbhavati karmajA (success is born of action)
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udyogah purushasya lakshanam / उद्योगः पुरुषस्य लक्षणं / udyogah purushasya lakshanam (industry is man's objective)
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नित्यं यातो शुभोदयं / Nityam Yato Shubhodayam/Let the rise of goodness happen everyday
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dharmo rakṣati rakṣitaḥ / धर्मो रक्षति रक्षितः / dharmo rakShati rakShitaH (values protect the protector (of values))
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vidyā vinayena śobhate / विद्या विनयेन शोभते / vidyA vinayena shobhate(knowledge graces by humility)
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na dainyaṃ na palāyanam / न दैन्यं न पलायनम् / na dainyaM na palAyanam (no misery, no running away) (for a soldier, one should not seek mercy nor one should run away from the battlefield)
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vidyaiva sarvadhanam / विद्यैव सर्वधनम् / vidyaiva sarvadhanam (Knowledge is the greatest wealth)
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Yuktiheena Vicharetu Dharmahnih Prajayate (Judgement Devoid Of Logic Destroys Dharma)
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sarvasya locanaṃ śāstram / सर्वस्य लोचनं शास्त्रम् / sarvasya lochanaM shAstram (Science is the eye of all)
...
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""Naimatma Balheenien Labhya"" (Perfection can only be achieved by the strong/The weak cannot achieve perfection)
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अन्यथा चिन्तनम् anyathaa chintanam misunderstanding फल fruit
चिन्तनम् chintanam thinking
Friday, October 28, 2011
Sunday, October 23, 2011
Subhashitas
By compromising self respect and boldly facing dishonour
one can fulfil many a mission. Man's stupidity lies in
protecting self-respect and fearing dishonour to an extreme
and thereby damaging himself. If the situation demands,
then one can even carry one's enemy on the back. ..
......
It is said that --
A woman, a brahmin, a brahmachari and a child
should not be killed. If they come in good
faith, then one should not attack them even if
one's own live is in danger.
..
Even if one's life is in danger, one should
not do wrong and the righteous duties should
not be abandoned. This is eternal religion.
..
It has been rightly said that --
In the battlefield the presence of just one
confident soldier is enough to retain
enthusiasm in the rest of the army and one
cowardly soldier will make the others
disspirited and all will flee from the place.
..
You may be valiant, intelligent and highly noteworthy;
But, the race that you are born in, does not kill elephants.
...
अग्निशेषमृणशेषं शत्रुशेषं तथैव च |
पुन: पुन: प्रवर्धेत तस्माच्शेषं न कारयेत् ||
1
If a fire, a loan, or an enemy continues to exist even to a small extent, it will grow again and again; so do not let any one of it continue to exist even to a small extent.
2
पृथिव्यां त्रीणि रत्नानि जलमन्नं सुभाषितम् |
मूढै: पाषाणखण्डेषु रत्नसंज्ञा प्रदीयते ||
There are three jewels on earth: water, food, and adages. Fools, however, regard pieces of rocks as jewels.
3
वनानि दहतो वन्हेस्सखा भवति मारूत: |
स एव दीपनाशाय कृशे कस्यास्ति सौहॄदम् ||
When a fire is burning a forest, wind becomes its friend. The same wind extinguishes a small flame. Who holds friendship with the weak?
4
विद्या विवादाय धनं मदाय शक्ति: परेषां परिपीडनाय |
खलस्य साधोर्विपरीतमेतज्ज्ञानाय दानाय च रक्षणाय ||
A bad person uses his knowledge for (empty) argumentations, his wealth for egotistic actions, and his power for harming others. The opposite is true concerning a good person: He uses his knowledge, wealth, and power for providing to others knowledge, financial help, and protection, respectively.
5
दुर्बलस्य बलं राजा, बालानां रोदनं बलम् |
बलं मूर्खस्य मौनित्वं चौराणामनृतं बलम् ||
A king forms the strength of the weak; crying forms the strength of a child. Keeping mum forms the strength of a fool; lying forms the strength of thieves.
...
6
अश्वं नैव गजं नैव व्याघ्रं नैव च नैव च |
अजापुत्रं बलिं दद्याद्देवो दुर्बलघातक: ||
Not a horse, not an elephant, not a tiger is ever offered as a sacrifice at an altar. It is a baby goat which is offered as a sacrifice. (Alas!) God does not protect the weak.
7
अष्टादशपुराणानां सारं व्यासेन कीर्तितम् |
परोपकार: पुण्याय पापाय परपीडनम् ||
In all the 18 'Puranas' Shri. Vyaasa Maharshi has told only two gospels: Doing favour to others is 'Punya' and troubling others is 'Paapa' (Sin)!!
8
क्षुध् र्तॄट् आशा: कुटुम्बिन्य मयि जीवति न अन्यगा: |
तासाम् आशा महासाध्वी कदाचित् मां न मुञ्चति ||
Hunger, Thirst (Trut) and desire (Aasha) are like man's three wives. Until he is alive these three will never leave him or go else where. In comparison of the three, desire (Aasha) is a 'MahaSaadhvi' because it NEVER EVER leaves the man. Unlike hunger and thirst which disappear for some time after eating /drinking, desire is the thing which never disappeares from man's mind!!
9
अश्वस्य भूषणं वेगो मत्तं स्याद् गजभूषणं |
चातुर्यम् भूषणं नाया- उद्योगो नरभूषणं ||
Speed is the glory of Horse (Ashwa) . The majestic walk is the glory of elephant (Gaja) Being wise ('Chatur') is an asset to women (Naarya) and always being engaged in some work (Udyogo) suits the man.
10
क्षणश: कणश्चैव विद्याम् अर्थं च साधयेत् |
क्षणे नष्टे कुतो विद्या , कणे नष्टे कुतो धनम् ||
Every moment one should learn, from every bit one should earn. If you waste a second (kshan) you can't get knowledge (vidya) and if you waste a bit (kan) u can't get money (artham)
11
नाक्षरं मंत्ररहीतं नमूलंनौषधिम् |
अयोग्य पुरूषं नास्ति योजकस्तत्रदुर्लभ: ||
There is no letter which is not a mantra(which cant be used in mantra), there is no root, which can't form some medicine, there is no person who is absolutely useless. But persons who can identify their utility and put them in proper usage are rare.
12
कुलस्यार्थे त्यजेदेकं ग्रामस्यार्थे कुलं त्यजेत् |
ग्रामं जनपदस्यार्थे आत्मार्थे पृथिवीं त्यजेत् ||
One should sacrifice one's self-interest for the sake of one's family, one's family for the sake of one's town members, one's town members for for the sake of one's nation, and sacrifice the whole earth for the sake of one's soul's enlightenment.
13
मरणान्तानि वैराणि निवॄत्तं न: प्रयोजनम् |
क्रीयतामस्य संस्कारो ममापेष्य यथा तव ||
Enmity ends with death. our job is over. (Now) he(rAvaNa) is mine as he is yours. so do his cremation properly. These are sentences of ShriRAma after the death of rAvaNa on vijayA dashami. this reflects our sanskriti. As rAvaNa was dead, his brother bibhishan was hesitating for cremation. According to him rAvaNa's body was not worthy of proper treatment. to this our shrirAma says, now that he is dead, he is not our enemy and deserves proper sanskara. compare this against how Mongol (or in general muslim) invaders trreated with bodies of our kings.
14
उदारस्य तॄणं वित्तं शूरस्य मरणं तॄणं |
विरक्तस्य तॄणं भार्या निस्पॄहस्य तॄणं जगत् ||
For a generous person, money or wealth is insignificant (is equivalent to grass). For a brave person, death has no value (or it is no cause of worry). For a selfless (virakta) person, his family is insignificant. And for a person who has no desires (nispRha), this world is of no interest.
15
आदित्यस्य नमस्कारं ये कुर्वन्ति दिने दिने |
जन्मान्तरसहस्त्रेषु दारिद्रयं नोपजायते ||
The people who bow down to the Sun (perform SUryanamaskArs)everyday, poverty does not arise intheir lives for thousands of births. (The people who are punctual in their duties like Sun, never become poor.)
16
ज्येष्ठत्वं जन्मना नैव गुणैज्र्येष्ठत्वमुच्यते |
गुणात् गुरुत्वमायाति दुग्धं दधि घॄतं क्रमात् ||
Greatness is not by birth, greatness is decided by qualities (of a person). As it increases from milk to curd to ghee.
17
शान्तितुल्यं तपो नास्ति तोषान्न परमं सुखम् |
नास्ति तॄष्णापरो व्याधिर्न च धर्मो दयापर: ||
There is no achievement like peace (the word tapa might be used here to emphasize the efforts required to keep your mind peaceful.), there is no happiness like satisfaction, there is no disease like desire, there is no dharma like mercy.
18
हंस: श्वेतो बक: श्वेतो को भेदो बकहंसयो: |
नीरक्षीरविवेके तु हंस: हंसो बको बक: ||
It is said that, if one dilutes milk with water, and gives to swan, swan is able to extract milk and drink it. (dudh ka dudh pani ka pani) Swan is white, crane is (also) white. (then) what is the difference between crane and swan? when it comes to extracting milk from a mixture, swan is swan and crane is crane. i.e. crane does not have this ability. This subhashit is trying to explain that the external appearance does not make a person great but his qualities. It also explains that wise people precisely know what is useful and what is not.
19
दुर्जन: प्रियवादीति नैतद् विश्वासकारणम् |
मधुतिष्ठति जिव्हाग्रे हॄदये तु हलाहलम् ||
Never believe a wicked person even if he is talking in (your) favor. There is honey on his toung’s tip (i.e. his language is sweet), but there is poison in his heart (i.e. his mind is full of wicked thoughts)
20
विदेशेषु धनं विद्या व्यसनेषु धनं मति: |
परलोके धनं धर्म: शीलं सर्वत्र वै धनम् ||
Knowledge ('Vidya') is the real wealth, in a foreign land, So is Cleverness, at tough times. Righteousness ('Dharma') is the only wealth that can buy Heaven ('Par-lok'). Verily, Good Conduct ('Sheel') is the wealth everywhere and at all the times!
21
संपूर्णकुंभो न करोती शब्दं अर्धोघटो घोषमुपैति नूनम् |
विद्वान् कुलीनो न करोति गर्व गुणैर्विहीना बहु जल्पयंति ||
A fully filled water container will not create much noise as compared to the half filled one. (When the containers are given some jirk the water inside it will also move and create some noise.). Similarly 'Vidvaan' (Intelligent) people always remain calm and will not have any mis-placed pride as opposed to the people who know very less but always keep talking.
22
मुर्खा यत्र न पूज्यते धान्यं यत्र सुसंचितम् |
दंपत्यो कलह: नास्ति तत्र श्री: स्वयमागत: ||
(In a house) where fools are not honoured (fools are not involved in decision making), where there are enough stocks of food (and things required in day to days life) and where there is no conflict between husband and wife, there 'lakshmi' (prosperity) comes by its own.
23
मूर्खस्य पंच चि*नानि गर्वो दुर्वचनं तथा |
क्रोधश्च दॄधवादश्च परवाक्येष्वनादर: ||
Five characteristics of a fool person are stated; haughtiness, wicked statements, anger (for nothing), strong arguments (without support) and lack of respect/tolerance to others opinion.
24
घटं भिन्द्यात् पटं छिन्द्यात् कुर्याद्रासभरोहणम् |
येन केन प्रकारेण प्रसिद्ध: पुरुषो भवेत् ||
by breaking the pots. tearing off the cloths, (or) by riding on a donkey. by hook or by crook, person should become popular. In this Subhashit, Subhaashitkar is describing those people, whose aim is just to become popular by any means. If we look around in our society, we will find plenty of them. A few people are always engaged in these "ghaTam bhindyAt" types of activities and by that they earn fame, they've got nothing else to bank on. Obviously Subhaashitkar is asking us to check whether we are doing anything like that.
25
उत्साहो बलवानार्य नास्त्युत्साहात्परं बलम् |
सोत्साहस्य च लोकेषु न किंचिदपि दुर्लभम् ||
A person with enthusiasm is a powerful person. There is nothing as powerful as enthusiasm. nothing is impossible ('durlabhah' literally means unachievable) to an enthusiastic person. This subhashit says "If there is a will, there is a way." Nothing is impossible; one must push it till the end.
26
चन्दनं शीतलं लोके चंदनादपि चंद्रमा: |
चन्द्रचन्दनयोर्मध्ये शीतला साधुसंगत: ||
sandalwood is pleasant (cool), moon (or moon light) is more pleasant than sandal. (but) company of a good person (sAdhu) is pleasant then both moon and sandal.
Literal meaning of word 'shItalah' is cool/cold, in this context cool means something which is pleasant.
....
27
ये च मूढतमा: लोके ये च बुद्धे: परं गता: |
ते एव सुखम् एधन्ते मध्यम: क्लिश्यते जन: ||
महाभारत 122528
Only two types of people are happy in this world. One who are foolish/dull and the others who are very much intelligent and knowledegble. All the other people in between these two limits are the only sufferers. The foolish/dull people do not understand the problem (or cannot grasp the problems) and the intelligent people have the solution for it! And therefore it is only left for the people in between them to keep crying for the problem because having known what it is still they cannot envision the path for it's complete eradication.
28
वॄथा वॄष्टि: समुद्रेषु, , वॄथा, तॄप्तेषु भोजनम् |
वॄथा दानं धनाढ्येषु, , वॄथा दीपो दिवाऽपि च ||
Rains over the sea are not of any use. Food for one, whose stomach is full, is waste. What's the use of donation to an affluent? Also, lighting a lamp during day is useless.
29
धॄति: क्षमा दमोऽस्तेयं शौचमिन्द्रियनिग्रह: |
धीर्विद्या सत्यमक्रोधो दशकं धर्मलक्षणम् ||
Fortitude, forgivefulness, (self) control, non stealing, purity, withdrawal of senses, intelligence, learning, truth, non-anger (these) ten qualities constitute the characteristics of 'Dharma'.
30
आदित्यचन्द्रावनिलोऽनलश्र्चद्यौर्भूमिरापो हॄदयं यमश्र्च |
अहश्र्च रात्रिश्र्च उभे च संध्ये धर्माेऽपि जानाति नरस्य वॄत्तम् ||
महाभारत
Aditya (The Sun), Chandra (The Moon), Vayu (The wind), Agni (The fire), Akash (The Space), Prithvi ( The Earth), Jala (The Water), Hridaya (Heart), Yama (The death), both Sandhikalas (Dawn and Dusk) and Dharma, witness what man does.
31
पूर्वजन्मकॄतं कर्म तद् दैवमिति कथ्यते |
तस्मात् पुरूषकारेण यत्नं कुर्यादतन्द्रित: ||
हितोपदेश
The karma of previous birth is called as daiva (fortune) (in this birth). So, one should try and work hard (in this birth ) without relaxation.
32
षड् दोषा: पुरूषेणेह हातव्या भूतिमिच्छता |
निद्रा तन्द्रा भयं क्रोध: आलस्यं दीर्घसूत्रता ||
पंचतंत्र
One who wishes to prosper in this world, should keep back the following six faults sleep (too much), lethargy, fear, anger, laziness and miserliness (stinginess). The six faults can be interpreted as follows:- nidrA :- sleep i.e. ignorance, not knowing what is happening around. tandrA :- lethargy, lassitude. bhaya :- fear. krodh :- anger, short temper. aalsyam :- laziness. diirghasuutrataa :- procrastinate, one who is slow in acting, takes too long for decisions etc.
33
अभ्दि: गात्राणि शुध्यन्ति मन: सत्येन शुध्यति |
विद्यातपोभ्यां भूतात्मा बुध्दिज्ञाम्पर्;ानेन शुध्यति ||
मनुस्मॄति
Senses (Sense-Organs) are purified by water; Mind is purified by truth; Soul is purified by learning and penance; While intelligence is purified by knowledge.
34
षड् गुणा: पुरुषेणेह त्यक्तव्या न कदाचन |
सत्यं दानम् अनालस्यम् अनसूया क्षमा धॄति: ||
A person should never give up following six qualities. truth (sticking to truth), generosity, activeness, being free from jealousy, tolerance and firmness.
35
शुचित्वं त्यागिता शौर्यं सामान्यं सुखदु:खयो: |
दाक्षिण्यञ्चानुरज्ञिग्त;श्च सत्यता च सुहॄद्गुणा: ||
The qualities of a true friend are: Purity, generosity, chivalry, being composed in happiness and distress, politeness, affection and truthfulness.
The main point of this subhashita is not that we have to make people of such qualities our friends, but that we need to make such qualities our own, for then we will naturally attract virtuous people to become our friends
36
जितात्मन: प्रशान्तस्य परमात्मा समाहित: |
शीतोष्णसुखदु:खेषु तथा मानापमानयो: ||
ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प; गीता 6:8
For one who has conquered the mind, the Super soul is already reached, for he has attained tranquillity. To such a man happiness and distress,heat and cold, honour and dishonour are all the same.
37
कोकिलानां स्वरो रूपं स्त्रीणां रूपं पतिव्रतम् विद्या रूपं कुरूपाणां क्षमा रूपं तपस्विनाम् पंचतंत्र
Cuckoo bird’s beauty is in it’s voice, woman’s beauty is in her dedication to family/husband ('pativrata'). Knowledge is the beauty of an ugly person and forgiving is the beauty of the sages ('tapaswis').
38
बुद्धि: प्रभाव: तेजश्च सत्वमुत्थानमेवच |
व्यवसायश्र्च यस्यास्ति तस्य वॄत्तिभयं कुत: ||
ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प; विदुरनीति
One who has brain, chivalry, poise, power, enthusiasm and willingness to work; why he/she has to worry about earning his/her living ?
39
आदौ माता गुरो: पत्नी ब्राा*मणी राजपत्निका |
धेनुर्धात्री तथा पॄथ्वी सप्तैता मातर: स्मॄत: ||
Our own mother (i.e. one who gives birth), guru's (teacher's) wife, wife of a brahmin, wife of a king, cow, nurse and the earth are our mothers.
The word 'mother' indicates respect we have about somebody. Here, subhashitkar says that we have seven mothers i.e. we should have respect to all listed in the subhashita.
40
गुरुं वा बालवॄद्धौ वा ब्राा*मणं वा बहुश्रुतम् |
आततायिनमायान्तं हन्यादेवाविचारयान् ||
Hostile person is to be killed without any (second) thought, even if he is your guru (your teacher), a child, an old person, a brahmin (an honorable person) or very famous.
Subhashitakar wants to emphasize here that there is no excuse for crime, no matter who has done that.
41
अर्थानाम् अर्जने दु:खम् अर्जितानां च रक्षणे |
आये दु:खं व्यये दु:खं धिग् अर्था: कष्टसंश्रया: ||
पंचतंत्र 1163
Getting all types of wealth is painful, after getting the wealth protecting it is painful, after you have obtained the wealth it's the cause for many sorrows, if the wealth is spent then also it's sorrowful..... such a wealth which is cause to all types of problems be condemned!!
42
सुवर्णपुष्पां पॄथिवीं चिन्वन्ति पुरूषास्त्रय: |
शूरश्र्च कॄतविद्यश्र्च यश्र्च जानाति सेवितुम् ||
Three kinds of people get the golden earth; Chivalrous, learned, and the ones who do service. (The Earth gives all its wealth to the three kinds of people.)
43
अस्थिरं जीवितं लोके अस्थिरे धनयौवने |
अस्थिरा: पुत्रदाराश्र्च धर्मकीर्तिद्वयं स्थिरम् ||
ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प; वैराग्यशतक
In this world, the life is uncertain, wealth and youthfulness (also) do not last long (they are unstable). (Even) son and wife are unstable. Dharma and fame are the two things that last long (are stable).
.....
one can fulfil many a mission. Man's stupidity lies in
protecting self-respect and fearing dishonour to an extreme
and thereby damaging himself. If the situation demands,
then one can even carry one's enemy on the back. ..
......
It is said that --
A woman, a brahmin, a brahmachari and a child
should not be killed. If they come in good
faith, then one should not attack them even if
one's own live is in danger.
..
Even if one's life is in danger, one should
not do wrong and the righteous duties should
not be abandoned. This is eternal religion.
..
It has been rightly said that --
In the battlefield the presence of just one
confident soldier is enough to retain
enthusiasm in the rest of the army and one
cowardly soldier will make the others
disspirited and all will flee from the place.
..
You may be valiant, intelligent and highly noteworthy;
But, the race that you are born in, does not kill elephants.
...
अग्निशेषमृणशेषं शत्रुशेषं तथैव च |
पुन: पुन: प्रवर्धेत तस्माच्शेषं न कारयेत् ||
1
If a fire, a loan, or an enemy continues to exist even to a small extent, it will grow again and again; so do not let any one of it continue to exist even to a small extent.
2
पृथिव्यां त्रीणि रत्नानि जलमन्नं सुभाषितम् |
मूढै: पाषाणखण्डेषु रत्नसंज्ञा प्रदीयते ||
There are three jewels on earth: water, food, and adages. Fools, however, regard pieces of rocks as jewels.
3
वनानि दहतो वन्हेस्सखा भवति मारूत: |
स एव दीपनाशाय कृशे कस्यास्ति सौहॄदम् ||
When a fire is burning a forest, wind becomes its friend. The same wind extinguishes a small flame. Who holds friendship with the weak?
4
विद्या विवादाय धनं मदाय शक्ति: परेषां परिपीडनाय |
खलस्य साधोर्विपरीतमेतज्ज्ञानाय दानाय च रक्षणाय ||
A bad person uses his knowledge for (empty) argumentations, his wealth for egotistic actions, and his power for harming others. The opposite is true concerning a good person: He uses his knowledge, wealth, and power for providing to others knowledge, financial help, and protection, respectively.
5
दुर्बलस्य बलं राजा, बालानां रोदनं बलम् |
बलं मूर्खस्य मौनित्वं चौराणामनृतं बलम् ||
A king forms the strength of the weak; crying forms the strength of a child. Keeping mum forms the strength of a fool; lying forms the strength of thieves.
...
6
अश्वं नैव गजं नैव व्याघ्रं नैव च नैव च |
अजापुत्रं बलिं दद्याद्देवो दुर्बलघातक: ||
Not a horse, not an elephant, not a tiger is ever offered as a sacrifice at an altar. It is a baby goat which is offered as a sacrifice. (Alas!) God does not protect the weak.
7
अष्टादशपुराणानां सारं व्यासेन कीर्तितम् |
परोपकार: पुण्याय पापाय परपीडनम् ||
In all the 18 'Puranas' Shri. Vyaasa Maharshi has told only two gospels: Doing favour to others is 'Punya' and troubling others is 'Paapa' (Sin)!!
8
क्षुध् र्तॄट् आशा: कुटुम्बिन्य मयि जीवति न अन्यगा: |
तासाम् आशा महासाध्वी कदाचित् मां न मुञ्चति ||
Hunger, Thirst (Trut) and desire (Aasha) are like man's three wives. Until he is alive these three will never leave him or go else where. In comparison of the three, desire (Aasha) is a 'MahaSaadhvi' because it NEVER EVER leaves the man. Unlike hunger and thirst which disappear for some time after eating /drinking, desire is the thing which never disappeares from man's mind!!
9
अश्वस्य भूषणं वेगो मत्तं स्याद् गजभूषणं |
चातुर्यम् भूषणं नाया- उद्योगो नरभूषणं ||
Speed is the glory of Horse (Ashwa) . The majestic walk is the glory of elephant (Gaja) Being wise ('Chatur') is an asset to women (Naarya) and always being engaged in some work (Udyogo) suits the man.
10
क्षणश: कणश्चैव विद्याम् अर्थं च साधयेत् |
क्षणे नष्टे कुतो विद्या , कणे नष्टे कुतो धनम् ||
Every moment one should learn, from every bit one should earn. If you waste a second (kshan) you can't get knowledge (vidya) and if you waste a bit (kan) u can't get money (artham)
11
नाक्षरं मंत्ररहीतं नमूलंनौषधिम् |
अयोग्य पुरूषं नास्ति योजकस्तत्रदुर्लभ: ||
There is no letter which is not a mantra(which cant be used in mantra), there is no root, which can't form some medicine, there is no person who is absolutely useless. But persons who can identify their utility and put them in proper usage are rare.
12
कुलस्यार्थे त्यजेदेकं ग्रामस्यार्थे कुलं त्यजेत् |
ग्रामं जनपदस्यार्थे आत्मार्थे पृथिवीं त्यजेत् ||
One should sacrifice one's self-interest for the sake of one's family, one's family for the sake of one's town members, one's town members for for the sake of one's nation, and sacrifice the whole earth for the sake of one's soul's enlightenment.
13
मरणान्तानि वैराणि निवॄत्तं न: प्रयोजनम् |
क्रीयतामस्य संस्कारो ममापेष्य यथा तव ||
Enmity ends with death. our job is over. (Now) he(rAvaNa) is mine as he is yours. so do his cremation properly. These are sentences of ShriRAma after the death of rAvaNa on vijayA dashami. this reflects our sanskriti. As rAvaNa was dead, his brother bibhishan was hesitating for cremation. According to him rAvaNa's body was not worthy of proper treatment. to this our shrirAma says, now that he is dead, he is not our enemy and deserves proper sanskara. compare this against how Mongol (or in general muslim) invaders trreated with bodies of our kings.
14
उदारस्य तॄणं वित्तं शूरस्य मरणं तॄणं |
विरक्तस्य तॄणं भार्या निस्पॄहस्य तॄणं जगत् ||
For a generous person, money or wealth is insignificant (is equivalent to grass). For a brave person, death has no value (or it is no cause of worry). For a selfless (virakta) person, his family is insignificant. And for a person who has no desires (nispRha), this world is of no interest.
15
आदित्यस्य नमस्कारं ये कुर्वन्ति दिने दिने |
जन्मान्तरसहस्त्रेषु दारिद्रयं नोपजायते ||
The people who bow down to the Sun (perform SUryanamaskArs)everyday, poverty does not arise intheir lives for thousands of births. (The people who are punctual in their duties like Sun, never become poor.)
16
ज्येष्ठत्वं जन्मना नैव गुणैज्र्येष्ठत्वमुच्यते |
गुणात् गुरुत्वमायाति दुग्धं दधि घॄतं क्रमात् ||
Greatness is not by birth, greatness is decided by qualities (of a person). As it increases from milk to curd to ghee.
17
शान्तितुल्यं तपो नास्ति तोषान्न परमं सुखम् |
नास्ति तॄष्णापरो व्याधिर्न च धर्मो दयापर: ||
There is no achievement like peace (the word tapa might be used here to emphasize the efforts required to keep your mind peaceful.), there is no happiness like satisfaction, there is no disease like desire, there is no dharma like mercy.
18
हंस: श्वेतो बक: श्वेतो को भेदो बकहंसयो: |
नीरक्षीरविवेके तु हंस: हंसो बको बक: ||
It is said that, if one dilutes milk with water, and gives to swan, swan is able to extract milk and drink it. (dudh ka dudh pani ka pani) Swan is white, crane is (also) white. (then) what is the difference between crane and swan? when it comes to extracting milk from a mixture, swan is swan and crane is crane. i.e. crane does not have this ability. This subhashit is trying to explain that the external appearance does not make a person great but his qualities. It also explains that wise people precisely know what is useful and what is not.
19
दुर्जन: प्रियवादीति नैतद् विश्वासकारणम् |
मधुतिष्ठति जिव्हाग्रे हॄदये तु हलाहलम् ||
Never believe a wicked person even if he is talking in (your) favor. There is honey on his toung’s tip (i.e. his language is sweet), but there is poison in his heart (i.e. his mind is full of wicked thoughts)
20
विदेशेषु धनं विद्या व्यसनेषु धनं मति: |
परलोके धनं धर्म: शीलं सर्वत्र वै धनम् ||
Knowledge ('Vidya') is the real wealth, in a foreign land, So is Cleverness, at tough times. Righteousness ('Dharma') is the only wealth that can buy Heaven ('Par-lok'). Verily, Good Conduct ('Sheel') is the wealth everywhere and at all the times!
21
संपूर्णकुंभो न करोती शब्दं अर्धोघटो घोषमुपैति नूनम् |
विद्वान् कुलीनो न करोति गर्व गुणैर्विहीना बहु जल्पयंति ||
A fully filled water container will not create much noise as compared to the half filled one. (When the containers are given some jirk the water inside it will also move and create some noise.). Similarly 'Vidvaan' (Intelligent) people always remain calm and will not have any mis-placed pride as opposed to the people who know very less but always keep talking.
22
मुर्खा यत्र न पूज्यते धान्यं यत्र सुसंचितम् |
दंपत्यो कलह: नास्ति तत्र श्री: स्वयमागत: ||
(In a house) where fools are not honoured (fools are not involved in decision making), where there are enough stocks of food (and things required in day to days life) and where there is no conflict between husband and wife, there 'lakshmi' (prosperity) comes by its own.
23
मूर्खस्य पंच चि*नानि गर्वो दुर्वचनं तथा |
क्रोधश्च दॄधवादश्च परवाक्येष्वनादर: ||
Five characteristics of a fool person are stated; haughtiness, wicked statements, anger (for nothing), strong arguments (without support) and lack of respect/tolerance to others opinion.
24
घटं भिन्द्यात् पटं छिन्द्यात् कुर्याद्रासभरोहणम् |
येन केन प्रकारेण प्रसिद्ध: पुरुषो भवेत् ||
by breaking the pots. tearing off the cloths, (or) by riding on a donkey. by hook or by crook, person should become popular. In this Subhashit, Subhaashitkar is describing those people, whose aim is just to become popular by any means. If we look around in our society, we will find plenty of them. A few people are always engaged in these "ghaTam bhindyAt" types of activities and by that they earn fame, they've got nothing else to bank on. Obviously Subhaashitkar is asking us to check whether we are doing anything like that.
25
उत्साहो बलवानार्य नास्त्युत्साहात्परं बलम् |
सोत्साहस्य च लोकेषु न किंचिदपि दुर्लभम् ||
A person with enthusiasm is a powerful person. There is nothing as powerful as enthusiasm. nothing is impossible ('durlabhah' literally means unachievable) to an enthusiastic person. This subhashit says "If there is a will, there is a way." Nothing is impossible; one must push it till the end.
26
चन्दनं शीतलं लोके चंदनादपि चंद्रमा: |
चन्द्रचन्दनयोर्मध्ये शीतला साधुसंगत: ||
sandalwood is pleasant (cool), moon (or moon light) is more pleasant than sandal. (but) company of a good person (sAdhu) is pleasant then both moon and sandal.
Literal meaning of word 'shItalah' is cool/cold, in this context cool means something which is pleasant.
....
27
ये च मूढतमा: लोके ये च बुद्धे: परं गता: |
ते एव सुखम् एधन्ते मध्यम: क्लिश्यते जन: ||
महाभारत 122528
Only two types of people are happy in this world. One who are foolish/dull and the others who are very much intelligent and knowledegble. All the other people in between these two limits are the only sufferers. The foolish/dull people do not understand the problem (or cannot grasp the problems) and the intelligent people have the solution for it! And therefore it is only left for the people in between them to keep crying for the problem because having known what it is still they cannot envision the path for it's complete eradication.
28
वॄथा वॄष्टि: समुद्रेषु, , वॄथा, तॄप्तेषु भोजनम् |
वॄथा दानं धनाढ्येषु, , वॄथा दीपो दिवाऽपि च ||
Rains over the sea are not of any use. Food for one, whose stomach is full, is waste. What's the use of donation to an affluent? Also, lighting a lamp during day is useless.
29
धॄति: क्षमा दमोऽस्तेयं शौचमिन्द्रियनिग्रह: |
धीर्विद्या सत्यमक्रोधो दशकं धर्मलक्षणम् ||
Fortitude, forgivefulness, (self) control, non stealing, purity, withdrawal of senses, intelligence, learning, truth, non-anger (these) ten qualities constitute the characteristics of 'Dharma'.
30
आदित्यचन्द्रावनिलोऽनलश्र्चद्यौर्भूमिरापो हॄदयं यमश्र्च |
अहश्र्च रात्रिश्र्च उभे च संध्ये धर्माेऽपि जानाति नरस्य वॄत्तम् ||
महाभारत
Aditya (The Sun), Chandra (The Moon), Vayu (The wind), Agni (The fire), Akash (The Space), Prithvi ( The Earth), Jala (The Water), Hridaya (Heart), Yama (The death), both Sandhikalas (Dawn and Dusk) and Dharma, witness what man does.
31
पूर्वजन्मकॄतं कर्म तद् दैवमिति कथ्यते |
तस्मात् पुरूषकारेण यत्नं कुर्यादतन्द्रित: ||
हितोपदेश
The karma of previous birth is called as daiva (fortune) (in this birth). So, one should try and work hard (in this birth ) without relaxation.
32
षड् दोषा: पुरूषेणेह हातव्या भूतिमिच्छता |
निद्रा तन्द्रा भयं क्रोध: आलस्यं दीर्घसूत्रता ||
पंचतंत्र
One who wishes to prosper in this world, should keep back the following six faults sleep (too much), lethargy, fear, anger, laziness and miserliness (stinginess). The six faults can be interpreted as follows:- nidrA :- sleep i.e. ignorance, not knowing what is happening around. tandrA :- lethargy, lassitude. bhaya :- fear. krodh :- anger, short temper. aalsyam :- laziness. diirghasuutrataa :- procrastinate, one who is slow in acting, takes too long for decisions etc.
33
अभ्दि: गात्राणि शुध्यन्ति मन: सत्येन शुध्यति |
विद्यातपोभ्यां भूतात्मा बुध्दिज्ञाम्पर्;ानेन शुध्यति ||
मनुस्मॄति
Senses (Sense-Organs) are purified by water; Mind is purified by truth; Soul is purified by learning and penance; While intelligence is purified by knowledge.
34
षड् गुणा: पुरुषेणेह त्यक्तव्या न कदाचन |
सत्यं दानम् अनालस्यम् अनसूया क्षमा धॄति: ||
A person should never give up following six qualities. truth (sticking to truth), generosity, activeness, being free from jealousy, tolerance and firmness.
35
शुचित्वं त्यागिता शौर्यं सामान्यं सुखदु:खयो: |
दाक्षिण्यञ्चानुरज्ञिग्त;श्च सत्यता च सुहॄद्गुणा: ||
The qualities of a true friend are: Purity, generosity, chivalry, being composed in happiness and distress, politeness, affection and truthfulness.
The main point of this subhashita is not that we have to make people of such qualities our friends, but that we need to make such qualities our own, for then we will naturally attract virtuous people to become our friends
36
जितात्मन: प्रशान्तस्य परमात्मा समाहित: |
शीतोष्णसुखदु:खेषु तथा मानापमानयो: ||
ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प; गीता 6:8
For one who has conquered the mind, the Super soul is already reached, for he has attained tranquillity. To such a man happiness and distress,heat and cold, honour and dishonour are all the same.
37
कोकिलानां स्वरो रूपं स्त्रीणां रूपं पतिव्रतम् विद्या रूपं कुरूपाणां क्षमा रूपं तपस्विनाम् पंचतंत्र
Cuckoo bird’s beauty is in it’s voice, woman’s beauty is in her dedication to family/husband ('pativrata'). Knowledge is the beauty of an ugly person and forgiving is the beauty of the sages ('tapaswis').
38
बुद्धि: प्रभाव: तेजश्च सत्वमुत्थानमेवच |
व्यवसायश्र्च यस्यास्ति तस्य वॄत्तिभयं कुत: ||
ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प; विदुरनीति
One who has brain, chivalry, poise, power, enthusiasm and willingness to work; why he/she has to worry about earning his/her living ?
39
आदौ माता गुरो: पत्नी ब्राा*मणी राजपत्निका |
धेनुर्धात्री तथा पॄथ्वी सप्तैता मातर: स्मॄत: ||
Our own mother (i.e. one who gives birth), guru's (teacher's) wife, wife of a brahmin, wife of a king, cow, nurse and the earth are our mothers.
The word 'mother' indicates respect we have about somebody. Here, subhashitkar says that we have seven mothers i.e. we should have respect to all listed in the subhashita.
40
गुरुं वा बालवॄद्धौ वा ब्राा*मणं वा बहुश्रुतम् |
आततायिनमायान्तं हन्यादेवाविचारयान् ||
Hostile person is to be killed without any (second) thought, even if he is your guru (your teacher), a child, an old person, a brahmin (an honorable person) or very famous.
Subhashitakar wants to emphasize here that there is no excuse for crime, no matter who has done that.
41
अर्थानाम् अर्जने दु:खम् अर्जितानां च रक्षणे |
आये दु:खं व्यये दु:खं धिग् अर्था: कष्टसंश्रया: ||
पंचतंत्र 1163
Getting all types of wealth is painful, after getting the wealth protecting it is painful, after you have obtained the wealth it's the cause for many sorrows, if the wealth is spent then also it's sorrowful..... such a wealth which is cause to all types of problems be condemned!!
42
सुवर्णपुष्पां पॄथिवीं चिन्वन्ति पुरूषास्त्रय: |
शूरश्र्च कॄतविद्यश्र्च यश्र्च जानाति सेवितुम् ||
Three kinds of people get the golden earth; Chivalrous, learned, and the ones who do service. (The Earth gives all its wealth to the three kinds of people.)
43
अस्थिरं जीवितं लोके अस्थिरे धनयौवने |
अस्थिरा: पुत्रदाराश्र्च धर्मकीर्तिद्वयं स्थिरम् ||
ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प;ज्ञन्ब्स्प; वैराग्यशतक
In this world, the life is uncertain, wealth and youthfulness (also) do not last long (they are unstable). (Even) son and wife are unstable. Dharma and fame are the two things that last long (are stable).
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